US markets close lower for 4th consecutive session

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BSE | NSE 07/06/11

The US markets closed lower for the fourth-consecutive trading session, led by weakness in banks and energy, as investors turned cautious over a slowdown in the recovery.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed at 12,089.96, down 61.30 points or 0.50%. The NASDAQ Composite fell 30.22 points or 1.11%, to end at 2,702.56 and the SP 500 Index lost 13.99 points or 1.08%, to close at 1,286.17.
Robert Sluymer of RBC Capital Markets said, “Critical point here is somewhere between 1250 and 1260 – that’s really the next key support level in the market. That’s roughly around the 200 DMA.at technical levels are going to increasingly come into play as managers try to manage downside risk, simply by using technical levels on the SP. If we look at the 1295 level, that was violated today (Monday).”
The European markets fell for fourth straight session as investor confidence faltered on the slowing pace of global economy. European equities remained under pressure on expectations that ECB may signal a July rate hike.
The euro faltered versus the dollar after two days of gains, pressured by a German official’s comment that a second Greek bailout was not yet certain. The chairman of the euro zone finance ministers said the currency was overvalued.
Oil slips below USD 100 a barrel on expectations that OPEC will raise production targets this week and on continuing concerns about high prices curbing oil demand.
Copper gains, buoyed by a softer dollar following weak economic data out of the United States and output disruptions in producer Chile.
Gold rises to its highest levels as fears of a slowing US. Economy and expectations that Federal Reserve monetary policy would remain easy prompted safe-haven demand.    www.bgocled.com

IEA says gas entering golden age

07

7 June 2011
Last updated at 03:30 ET

Getting gas from rocks is relatively easy, but there are still environmental concerns

Increasing gas supply and demand for the fuel could set off a “golden age of gas”, the International Energy Agency (IEA) said.

The IEA report showed that demand for gas could outstrip coal by 2030, and get close to demand for oil by 2035.
The agency points to the uncertain future of nuclear energy as one of the main reasons for gas becoming so popular.
The IEA said that growth in the sector would be led by China and the US.
“Ample supplies, robust emerging markets and uncertainty about nuclear power all point to a prominent role for gas in global energy mix,” the IEA said in a report.
Main drivers
China is endeavouring to use cleaner forms of fuel in the coming years and that is likely to increase the demand for gas substantially.
“Worldwide, 16 of the 20 most polluted cities are in China, largely related from coal power plant production,” said Fatih Birol of the IEA.
“For this reason, China is pushing for gas to replace a lot of coal power production,” he added.
Mr Birol added that China currently uses nearly as much gas as Germany, but given the growth potential, its consumption may exceed that of the entire European Union by 2035.
As for the demand from the US, the IEA said that 60% of the country’s coal power plants are expected to be retired in the next 20 years.
“There is a strong chance that a large proportion (of those coal mines) will be replaced by gas,” said Mr Birol.      www.bgocled.com  

First half of 2010 LED industry investment analysis

First half of 2010 LED industry investment analysis, investment in the first half of 2009 Review


In 2009 China's LED industry an important year, "Ten thousand ten cities," the introduction to the industry to play a tonic, in the excitement throughout the industry. Now the excitement has not yet disappeared, although the vast majority of these promising "Ten thousand ten cities" and launched the production line of LED lights is a loss.

 

Investment in 2009, the application of investment, followed by the chip. Career chip factory in China to set up the highlights of the year, although compared with other investments, not on a particularly large amount. Investors interested in the package is relatively low.

 

Source of investment on the ground in Taiwan accounted for almost half of the amount invested. Taiwan's large-scale westward extension of the chip industry, the huge mainland market and high subsidies is the main cause. In the case of Taiwan investment in plant, is already a large part of the West into supporting Taiwan's backlight manufacturers do.


Investment in the first half of 2010 statistics


2010, most of the investment from mainland China, due to the lower threshold of LED lighting, a large number of spontaneous influx of private capital in this area. In the first half of this year's lighting class at the show, almost all of the exhibitors have on display LED production
Products, traditional lighting to LED lighting factory investment faster. At present, China is the world's lighting manufacturing base, the LED manufacturers all turned, then the amount of investment is very large.
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Dilemma of China's LED industry professionals

China's LED industry personnel difficulties. Research articles


Distribution of talent


Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta accounted for accounted for River upstream edge advantage


GLII survey, the National LED lighting industry, number of employees is approximately 1.22 million (with cross-company production line of LED-related products only to calculate the number of lines), of which about 11 million people in engineering and technical personnel.

 

Distribution of LED practitioners in the country, Guangdong accounted for nearly half, largely because of the Guangdong package and lighting industries are developed, and the two parts occupy the vast majority of employees. From the production point of view, encapsulated in Guangdong accounted for 70% of the country. Thousands of people still reach the provinces of Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, the lighting industry, these provinces have a certain size.


It is noteworthy, LED lighting of the resources are concentrated in the Guangdong region, the region's light-related industries are more perfect. Owned enterprises in Liaoning reflect their wish to open an LED lamp factory, but could not find technical personnel, related accessories and also from the South to buy, increasing costs.

Chip talents scattered, up the Yangtze River Delta. IC manufacturing in the region have a certain foundation, because in the IC manufacturing process with the LED epitaxial silicon on a lot of similarities. The core region Shilan Ming, Shanghai Blu-ray and other well-known companies, Yangzhou, China will become an important future extension of the chip base.

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China SMD LED market outlook

SMD LED market growth continues to accelerate


Over the past five years, when the LED industry production and sales increased by 30% and 20%, SMD LED market share of China's LED packaging industry has only a small part. Sales in 2007 accounted for only 10% of all LED devices to 15%. SMD LED industry, the growth is very slow relative to the whole industry, the 2008 SMD LED revenue grew only 5% to 10%.


But with China's major manufacturers of independent innovation and business strategy changes, by 2009, China has 153 sets of MOCVD equipment, chip yield of 25% increase over 2008, reaching 2.3 billion yuan, output value reached 20.4 billion yuan package. Power LED and SMD LED faster growth in 2010 is expected to increase to 28 billion yuan.


GLII forecast 2006 sales of 2012 the global LED market compound growth rate of about 14.6%, affected by the large-size LCD backlighting, automotive lighting, general lighting and other emerging areas of driving, 2012, LED market will reach 123 billion U.S. dollars. On LED packaging industry, 2005-2010, the global LED packaging output CAGR (cagr) was 13.6%, by 2010, global output LED packaging market will reach $ 11.583 billion, of which SMD LED and power LED will occupy 80% of the value.


SMD LED strong downstream demand to support


Demand for large-size LED backlight with rapid heating, the market research firm predicted penetration of LED constantly refresh a new high. 2010 the global LED demand is expected to harvest up to 40%, compared to 2008, mobile backlighting applications, the total market share of 40%, large-size backlight 2013 is expected to grow to 5 percent, the proportion of mobile phone backlight down to 11%, while Desktop backlight needs to be 6-7 times the size of the mobile phone market, while the proportion of lighting applications will grow to 16%, backlight and lighting will be the next major growth market.


To about 13.5 million units worldwide scale mobile computing, the demand for white LED year reached 13.5 billion, if the Desktop backlight 100% market penetration, the demand for 1 year NB will require 6 billion white LED, LCD monitor Qi's Baiguang Xu Qiuliang Dadao 11,500,000,000, Yejing TV (LCD TV) Zeyao 71,600,000,000, Qizhongguangshi Yejing TV of Baiguang LED Xu Qiuliang Jiuyou 5.3 Shoujishichang of Guimo, Shichangtaibing Jiang Daidong LED Chanye Jinrubaofa growth. For more visit: www.bgocled.com

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In the light effect, although some light has reached 90lm / W, even in the laboratory efficiency of single light source has reached 250lm / W, but there is still a very large tap potential. Improve efficiency is to improve the electric light - the light conversion efficiency of the most direct way, the heat is also a great help.Second, the light source color is also a need for improvement. The current white LED obtained mainly through two ways, one is red, green, blue three colors of LED light distribution to be, which not only increases the cost and difficulty of design, color temperature drift is also not easy to overcome. Another is through the blue and yellow phosphor for mixing to achieve white light obtained in this way not only color temperature drift is small, light efficiency can be greatly improved. White LED on the market today are mostly obtained in this way. Because of this lack of white in color mixing red and green light when, in terms of color will be greatly reduced. Now the product available in the market can reach 80% of the color has been regarded as good.In terms of cost, at present although the pre-designed to reduce as much as possible, but the average consumer is still difficult to accept. The overall cost of LED lamps, only accounted for 70% of the light on. One can imagine that in order to reduce costs, we must start from the light source. However, the existing light sources, such as pricing power rests in the CREE, LUMILED, NICHIA, LUXEN, ORSMO other international giants in the hands, the price is bound to be a slow process.Technological backwardness as a "short board" more living downstream industry chain enterprisesOn the surface, LED lighting industry was in full swing, however, hidden behind the prosperity, also will be surfaced.LED lighting market is like a big "cake", attracted people to come Octagon Stock Watch. However, many people just want to fish in troubled waters, and some are just to short-term profit. As the world's largest lighting market, upper and middle reaches of China's LED technology has become a weak link flawed. "2010 High-Brightness LED Market Review and Outlook" report that in 2010 China LED manufacturers of high-brightness LED market share of global GDP ratio of only 2%, and the related technology still lags behind international companies about three to five years. LED chip and device products in China are mostly concentrated in the low-power, medium and low areas. Although the price of domestic chip chip imports only 1 / 10, but less than 10% domestic market share. In addition, the high brightness power LED chips, components are more than 80% dependent on imports. MOCVD epitaxial production of key equipment and wafer substrate, high-performance package with silicone, epoxy, phosphor and other basic raw materials have to rely on imports.
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led light

Current LED lighting in the area still faces some problems. It has been able to attract people's attention, mainly because it is energy saving, environmental protection, long life, low voltage lighting can be used safety and style, diversity and other characteristics unmatched by traditional lighting, but LED lighting products currently on the market because by its use of materials, manufacturing industry and cost constraints, we can not fully demonstrate these characteristics. These products are the next, and miscellaneous. By using the environment to distinguish between the main outdoor and indoor lighting, outdoor lighting such as in the main are: street lights, landscape lights, architectural lighting, automotive lights, wall lights, floodlights, etc.; indoor lighting PAR lamps are series, GU (5.3,10) (MR16) series, fluorescent series (mainly to T8), candle-shaped lamps, downlights, recessed lights, wall, ceiling, wall, etc., track lights and so on. According to the light direction can be divided into directional and non directional light lamps. Unfortunately, however, regardless of appearance or use of these lamps from the point of view, we can find the traditional lighting of the shadow. In other words, in the current lighting, LED not to position themselves, not entirely of their own stuff. This has seriously affected the development of LED lighting in the area.
LED is also on the technical side facing some problems. Such as heat, according to research and years of work summary, at present, a good lighting design can make electricity - light conversion efficiency of 30%. But there are still 70% of the energy converted into heat energy. Take a 5W of LED bulb, for example, hypothesis-driven efficiency is 80%, then the light would be 4W of power, according to 30% of electricity - light conversion efficiency, there is still 2.8W of energy converted into heat, with the front driver board about 1W of loss, of a 5W bulb will produce 3.8W of heat. That's why we designed the main reason for the high temperature LED lamps.
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